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Oct 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2576-6694.jbbs-17-1742
A.Sakr SaberCorresponding author
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-kom, Egypt.
Introduction: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an anticancer drug .Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) essential oil is a traditional medicine used against many diseases. Aim. The present work studied the effect of fennel oil against testicular damage and oxidative stress induced by the anticancer drug, cyclophosphamide (CPA) in albino rats. Methods. Animals were divided into 4 groups: group1, control, group2, orally given fennel oil, group3 treated with CPA and group4 treated with CPA and fennel oil. The testes were removed for histological and immune histochemical preparation. Blood was collected and sera were prepared for hormonal and biochemical analysis. Results. The results revealed that CPA caused histological alterations in the testis including decrease in diameter and germinal epithelial height of the seminiferous tubules, degeneration of germ cells, cytoplasmic vacuolation and congestion of blood vessels. Cell proliferation marker was decreased and apoptotic marker caspase-3 was decreased. Biochemical results revealed decrease in the hormones LH and testosterone. Moreover, the serum activity of the antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT was decreased and the lipid peroxidation marker, DMA was increased. Treating rats with CPA and fennel oil caused an improvement in the histological structure of the testis. There was an increase in LH ,testosterone,SOD and CAT, while MDA level decreased. Conclusion. It is concluded that administration of fennel oil exhibited protective effects against CPA-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. The protective effect of fennel oil might be due to induction of antioxidant defense systems by one or more of its constituents.
Jan 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-5020.jnrt-17-1926
Nagel SimonCorresponding author
Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
Since the first description in 2013, 39 cases of anti-DPPX-encephalitis have been described. Main features of this autoimmune encephalitis characterized by antibodies against the potassium-channel-associated regulatory protein DPPX are gastrointestinal symptoms, cognitive dysfunction and signs of CNS hyperexcitability. While the majority of patients responds to immunotherapy relapses are frequent and often successfully treated with rituximab. Here we report another case of anti-DPPX-encephalitis presenting with the above mentioned triad. However, this is the first case of anti-DPPX-encephalitis in the context of a connective tissue disease combined with cerebral arteriopathy along with brain parenchymal lesions that we interpreted as a secondary, CTD-associated cerebral vasculitis. While the latter resolved under immunosuppressive treatment, comprising glucocorticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, rituximab and plasmapheresis, deterioration of the CTD and multiple infectious complications finally led to the patient's death. As histological evidence for cerebral vasculitis is lacking, other differential diagnoses for the observed cerebral arteriopathy, especially reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, have to be considered.
Dec 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2372-6601.jhor-16-1070
Sisi TianCorresponding author
Introduction: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a collection of conditions associated with abnormal proliferation of lymphoid tissues in patients after solid organ transplants (SOT). Its clinical presentations are quite variable and non-specific. Otolaryngological signs and symptoms, manifested as adenotonsillar hypertrophy or cervical lymphadenopathy, may guide to early detection and treatment. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all pediatric SOT recipients with the diagnosis of PTLD, age 0-18, between 2005 and 2014 at the Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital. The patient’s age, type of organ transplant, immunosuppression, head and neck signs and symptoms, imaging modality, EBV status, histology as well as treatment regimen information were recorded. Results: A total of 21 pediatric patients were included in this retrospective review with a history of solid organ transplant and a diagnosis of PTLD. The most commonly associated type of transplanted organ is heart (57.1%), followed by kidneys (33.3%) and liver (9.5%). Neck swelling (28.6%) was the main head and neck complaint while one patient developed upper airway obstruction with respiratory distress. Cervical lymphadenopathy was found in 66.7% and tonsillar hypertrophy in 9.5% of the patients. Monomorphic PTLD (46.2%) was the most common pathological diagnosis, followed by reactive hyperplasia (30.8%), Hodgkin lymphoma (15.4%) and polymorphic PTLD (7.7%). Majority of the PTLD patients were treated with rituximab and cyclophosphamide combination therapy with and without prednisone. Conclusion: Adenotonsillectomy and cervical lymph node biopsies are easy to perform with low complication rates. They serve an important role in the armamentarium in the early detection of PTLD in its early stage, allowing prompt treatment and prevention of further progression.