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Apr 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2640-6403.jtrr-26-6077
Kalmeta MargaretCorresponding author
Delayed wound healing in diabetes is characterized by impaired angiogenesis, persistent inflammation, extracellular matrix dysregulation, and peripheral neuropathy. A preclinical study was conducted using a diabetic mouse delayed wound model to evaluate the surrounding tissue of a wound, (its periwound) and its tissue responses following treatment with the NerveStim™ Neuropathy System, a combination topical gel and neuromuscular electrical stimulation platform. Periwound tissue was harvested at Day 14 and analyzed using NanoString gene expression profiling. Treated animals demonstrated visibly increased periwound tissue thickness compared to untreated controls. Differential expression analysis identified 76 significantly upregulated and 17 downregulated genes. Upregulated pathways included angiogenesis (Vegfa, Fgf2, Pdgfb, Nos3), neurotrophic signaling (Ngf, Bdnf, Scn9a, Trpv1), macrophage polarization (Arg1, Mrc1, Il10), and extracellular matrix remodeling (Col1a1, Col3a1, Mmp9, Timp1). Downregulation of select pro-inflammatory mediators (Nos2, Mif) was observed. These coordinated transcriptional changes are consistent with activation of reparative immune, neurovascular, and matrix remodeling pathways in diabetic periwound tissue.
Jan 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2640-6403.jtrr-25-5922
Kalmeta MargaretCorresponding author
Diabetic foot and leg ulcers represent a significant global health burden and are frequently associated with peripheral neuropathy, vascular compromise, infection, and high rates of recurrence and amputation. Standard wound care often fails to achieve healing in chronic cases due to unaddressed underlying neuropathic and vascular pathology. This feasibility study evaluated the Hemastyl™ System in patients with long-standing diabetic foot and leg ulcers that had failed standard care and, in many cases, had been diagnosed for amputation. Two prospective feasibility cohorts comprising 39 chronic infected diabetic wounds were treated with the Hemastyl™ System. Outcomes included rapid microbe reduction, high wound closure rates, subjective improvement in neuropathy-related symptoms, and avoidance of amputation in all amputation-diagnosed cases. These findings suggest that targeting neuropathy, vasculature, and microbial burden concurrently may offer a promising approach for healing complex chronic wounds in high-risk populations.
May 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-0436.jos-23-4493
Sun KexinCorresponding author
Background Beta-Sitosterol (SIT) is an active TCM compound employed to treat diabetic retinopathy (DR). A network pharmacology approach to understanding the active ingredients and the therapeutic mechanisms underlying DR has not been pursued. Methods The potential targets for DM were identified according to the MedGene, Gendome, HGNC, OMIM, GeneCards, PheGenI, GEO, and STRING database. The herb and components were predicted and screened by network pharmacology through oral bioavailability and drug-likeness filtration using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Analysis Platform database. A network pharmacology prediction and network analysis were used to predict the active potential targets and pathways of SIT application to DR. Results We found the Top 15 DR-related genes by screening in 9 databases. 26 kinds of TCM and nearly 300 kinds of active ingredients. SIT exists in 10 kinds of DR-treat TCM. The comprehensive network pharmacology approach was successful in identifying 23 kinds of core genes for SIT treating DR. ERBB3 and IGF2-related PI3K-Akt signaling pathway or EDN3, IGF2 and SPP1-related receptor ligand activity pathway might be the main pharmacological targets, and pathways in DR. We speculated that SIT was effective for the treatment of DR. Conclusion Based on the network pharmacology, we predicted the potential targets of SIT in treating DR and helped to illustrate the mechanism of action. Our study identifies key genes and pathways associated with the prognosis and pathogenesis of DR from new insights.
Apr 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-22-4155
Salissou Seck Mbaye MBAYECorresponding author
Cardiology Department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
The diabetic is most of the time admitted in emergency for acute complications. An inventory of these complications will guide promotional programs aimed at preventing the occurrence of these complications. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying acute complications and decompensation factors in diabetics admitted in emergency to the Souro Sanou University Hospital Center (CHUSS).It was an observational study, of descriptive transversal type, with prospective collection for 4 months. It concerned diabetics admitted to the medical and surgical emergency departments of the CHUSS. A total of 90 diabetics were included in the study. The average age was 58.81 ± 14.7 years. Type 2 diabetes accounted for 85.6% of cases. The diagnosis of diabetes was known in 74.4% of cases. The reasons for consultation were dominated by impaired conscientiousness and fever, 54.4% and 50% respectively. Metabolic complications were found in 44.4% of patients. They were dominated by hypoglycemia, which accounted for 55.3% of cases. Dietary error was the main decompensation factor in cases of hypoglycemia and was reported in 71.4% of cases. Metabolic complications are common in diabetics admitted in emergency at the CHUSS. Decompensation factors are mostly preventable.
Feb 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2766-8630.jrnm-20-3679
K Dhingra VandanaCorresponding author
Department of Nuclear Medicine AIIMS Rishikesh, India
A practice review discusses factors limiting the use of gastric emptying scintigraphy in diabetic gastroparesis, including protocols, access, and patient preparation, with suggestions to improve utility.
Mar 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-20-3175
Cyril Abang AgborCorresponding author
Department of Anatomy, Collage of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria
Local Nigerian men have been using AuriculariaPolytricha as a treatment for sexual dysfunction without supporting evidence from scientific experiments. This study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of A. Polytricha on testicular DNA expression and some oxidative stress markers using STZ-Induced diabetic rats as a model. The experiment included six groups, Group A (Normal Control, treated with normal saline), Group B (treated with 65mg/kg.bw of STZ), Groups C, D, and E (treated with 250mg/kg.bw, 500mg/kg.bw, 1000mg/kg.bw AP after inducing diabetics), and Group F (treated with 40mg/kg.bw metformin after inducing diabetics). The experiment lasted for 35 days. After termination of the experiment, Fuelgen nuclear reaction was used for DNA demonstration to assess testicular DNA distribution while serum Superoxide Dimutase (SOD), Catalase and Melondialdehyde where evaluated using reagent based antioxidant enzyme assay. Results reveals that SOD and Melondialdehyde activities were remarkably (p<0.05) higher in diabetic control animals when compared with the normal control group. Values in Groups C, D and F that were administered with 250, 500mg/kg.bw A. polytricha and metformin respectively were also significantly (p<0.05) increased when compared with the normal control group. However, diabetic animals placed on 1000mg/kg.bw A. polytrichadid not show any statistical significance in comparison with normal control group but was remarkably (p<0.01) decreased when compared to the diabetic group that received low dose A. polytricha, an indication that the reversal is dose dependent. Catalase concentration in diabetic control animals was remarkably (p<0.05) higher when compared to the normal control but was not significantly (p<0.05) different in groups D (DM+500mg/kg.bw A. polytricha) and E (DM+1000mg/kg.bw A. polytricha) when compared with the normal control group. Diabetic control animals showed reduced magenta colour intensity of DNA and increased clustering and cross linking of DNA strands when compared with the normal control. However the degree of cross link in DNA strands was reduced in the diabetic animals placed on 1000mg/kg.bw A. polytrichawhen compared with the diabetic control group. Reversal in DNA damage and values of serum oxidative stress markers following administration of graded doses of A. polytricha could be attributed to essential phytochemical and therapeutic constituents in A. polytricha like polyphenol and flavonoid which can be found useful in prevention and treatment of diabetes induced testicular dysfunction. In summary, AP can contribute to a reversal in DNA damage and levels of serum oxidative stress markers in treating diabetes-induced testicular dysfunction.
Jul 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-0436.jos-19-2904
Y. Tiu RonaldCorresponding author
Department of Ophthalmology, Rizal Medical Center, Pasig City, Philippines
This case series presents 2 patients (67 and 58 year old females) with resolving vitreous hemorrhage in the setting of diabetic retinopathy. Both patients had around 50% of the retina still visible and the hemorrhage was confined at the posterior vitreous cavity near the retina, hence, a partial pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) was feasibly applied. On B-scan, both cases showed a liquified vitreous with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). For both patients, vitreous hemorrhage resolution occurred at less than 4 months from onset and consequently PRP was completed. Vitreous hemorrhage differs with bleeding in other tissues due to the presence of vitreous collagen matrix which promotes rapid clotting and hinders resolution of hemorrhage by preventing passive diffusion and delay in inflammatory cellular response. The prognosis for clearing hemorrhage was better when the fundus reflex was brighter and the retina adjacent to the ora serrata was visible. Clearing occurred sooner when hemorrhage was retrohyaloid rather than in the vitreous gel. In diabetic eye, the vitreous undergoes metabolic derangements resulting in premature liquefaction and abnormal vitreoretinal adhesion leading to traction and membrane formation. Partial PVD has also been associated with higher rate of diabetic retinopathy progression since it serves as scaffold for growth of neovascular tufts.
Feb 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2374-9431.jbd-19-2613
H. Radwan EmanCorresponding author
Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder. Streptozotocin is a naturally occurring cytotoxic chemical, particularly toxic to the pancreas and insulin producing beta cells in mammals and induces diabetes. Glimepiride is a second generation sulfonylurea, used as second-line or add-on treatment options for type 2 diabetes. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds have been documented as a traditional plant treatment for diabetes. Soluble dietary fiber of Fenugreek significantly improved oral glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. It also exerts anti-diabetic effects mediated through the inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption and the enhancement of peripheral insulin action. Most herbal remedies can interact with allopathic drugs resulting in altered activity and toxicity. At the same time, herbal remedies might produce the same kind of effects as the drug produce. Current published research information on herb-drug interactions is scanty. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible interaction between conventional drug used for the management of diabetes; (Glimepiride) and a traditional herbal remedy; Fenugreek aqueous extract in Streptozotocin induced diabetic male albino rats. In conclusion, combination therapy induces better hematological, biochemical effects and improves the oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes. Histological studies showed better results on some organ functions. The results emphasize the benefit of using the combination of Fenugreek seeds aqueous extracts as supportive complementary anti-diabetic therapy.
Oct 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2329-9487.jhc-16-1301
Sung KiwolCorresponding author
College of Nursing, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediation of depressive symptoms in the relationship between cardiovascular risk and the health conservation of community-dwelling vulnerable diabetic elderly in order to provide a basis for planning nursing interventions to improve the health conservation of vulnerable diabetic elderly. Methods: The participants were 99 vulnerable diabetic elderly who registered at the community health centers in D city. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed with the SPSS-WIN 19.0 program. The instruments were Sung’s Health Conservation Scale, the Arizona Heart Institute Cardiovascular Risk Factor Questionnaire, and the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form-Korea version (GDSSF-K). Results: The mean score for health conservation was 100.52. Overall depressive symptoms were 11.84, cardiovascular risk was 20.35. There were significant correlations among the three variables: health conservation, depressive symptoms, and cardiovascular risk. Also, depressive symptoms had a proportional mediating effect in the relationship between cardiovascular risk and health conservation. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, health management programs focusing on cardiovascular risk management and depressive symptom improvement are highly recommended to promote health conservation in the vulnerable diabetic elderly
Apr 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-16-943
KAL DéréCorresponding author
Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry; Unit training and research of Medical Sciences- Alassane OUATTARA University (Cote d’Ivoire).
Unlike developed countries, monitoring of the alimentation quality is important in developing countries. In recent years, several methods of assessing food consumption using simple tools the 24-hour diet recall have been proposed. This individual dietary diversity score (IDDS) is a simplified method for assessing the quality of diets, defined as the number of food groups represented in the diet over a period of time. We conducted an individual qualitative food consumption survey based on the 24 hours recall method. It was an Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information.The classification terciles of Dietary Diversity score was obtained from the 14 food groups recommended by FAO. 200diabetic and 200 hypertensive patients regularly followed in the same hospital (University hospital of Treichville) were included in this study without any distinction about treatment. The average of individual dietary diversity score was to 5.6 ± 1.58 for diabetic against 6 ± 1.94 food groups consumed the day before by hypertensive. Hypertensive patients in our study seemed o better diversity their diet with 8% of them who had a high score against 0.5% for diabetic. The food groups most consumed by our population were cereals, white tubers, other vegetables, fish and oils and fats at the expense leafy vegetables, vitamin A fruits, other fruits and legumes, nuts and seeds. In terms of anthropometric factors, we found the influence of waist circumference on food diversification in diabetic and not from hypertensive. Considering the importance of dietary diversity to nutrition and health, these results show the need to mobilize efforts for ensuring that people have better access to and knowledge about adequate nutrition. Despite the fact that this study has to be performed and that comparisons with other countries are required to harmonize the methodology, our results show the interest of the use of a simple tool to assess the quality of the food within the population. Using of this tool is certainly a future solution for a rapid diagnostic of diets quality.
Jun 2015 DOI 10.14302/issn.2374-9431.jbd-12-164
Lima-Gomez VirgilioCorresponding author
Hospital Juarez de Mexico, Av. IPN 5160 Colonia Magdalena de las Salinas, CP 06770, México City, México.
Objective: To identify the efficacy of focal photocoagulation to maintain or achieve best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥20/40 in eyes with clinically significant macular edema (CSME) that had a focal angiographic pattern. Material and Methods: Non-experimental, retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive study in type 2 diabetic patients of any gender, who had CSME with focal angiographic pattern, who received focal photocoagulation from January to October 2012, with a register of BCVA before and 3 weeks after photocoagulation. 101 eyes from patients aged 35-74 years (mean 60.1±8.15) were assigned to one of two groups: 1, with BCVA before treatment <20/40 (n=60), and 2, with BCVA ≥20/40 (n=41). The proportion of eyes with BCVA≥20/40 after treatment was identified, in the sample and within each group. Results: In group 1 BCVA improved in 34 eyes (56.7%), did not change in 15 (25%), and worsened in 11 (18.3%); in group 2 BCVA improved in 10 eyes (24.4%), did not change in 18 (43.9%) and worsened in 13 (31.7%). Post treatment BCVA was ≥20/40 in 57 eyes (56.4%, 95% confidence intervals 46.8-66.1%), 21 of them from group 1 (36.8%) and 36 from group 2 (63.2%). Conclusion: Treating CSME with focal photocoagulation was efficacious to maintain BCVA ≥20/40 in 87.8% of eyes with that rank of vision preoperatively, and to achieve BCVA ≥20/40 in 35% of eyes without it. Early detection and treatment of CSME is required to increase the proportion of eyes with BVCA that provides visual independence, preferably when visual function is still good.
Sep 2013 DOI 10.14302/issn.2374-9431.jbd-13-226
Jayne McKnight AmyCorresponding author
Nephrology Research, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast
The number of individuals with diabetes is increasing worldwide and a large subset of those affected will develop diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, has serious health consequences for affected individuals, and represents a major monetary cost to healthcare providers. Technological and analytical developments have enabled large-scale, collaborative studies that are revealing risk factors associated with diabetic nephropathy. However, much of the inherited predisposition and biological mechanisms underpinning risk of this disease remain to be identified. Meta-analyses and integrated pathway studies are becoming an increasingly important part of research for diabetic nephropathy including, genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic research, clinical observations and the development of animal models. This report highlights current bioinformatic resources and standards of reporting to maximise interdisciplinary research for diabetic nephropathy. The identification of an -Omics profile that can lead to earlier diagnosis and / or offer improved clinical evaluation of individuals with diabetes would not only provide significant health benefits to affected individuals, but may also have major utility for the efficient use of healthcare resources.
May 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2578-8590.ipj-26-6121
Bitsch Poulsen MariaCorresponding author
Aims Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is currently an untreatable progressive complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Impaired microcirculation is a suspected cause of nerve degeneration in TID. We investigated whether cardiovascular autonomic reflexes often used as indices of nerve functions, are associated with indices of microcirculatory function in young adults with T1D compared with non-diabetic controls. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 15 adults with T1D and 15 age-matched controls (20-40 years) underwent standardized cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests. Continuous recordings of electrocardiogram, cardiac vagal tone, beat-to-beat blood pressure and transcutaneous tissue oxygen (tcpO₂) and carbon dioxide partial pressures (tcpCO2) were done. Results Despite preserved baroreflex, parasympathetic, and sympathetic functions assessed using cardiovascular reflex tests, the individuals with T1D exhibited reduced baseline tcpO2 compared to the controls (37.5±3.75 vs. 49.6 mmHg). During the Valsalva manoeuvre, individuals with T1D exhibited a reduced systolic blood pressure response in phase I (31±10 vs. 43±18 mmHg) and early phase II (-1±15 vs. -18±17 mmHg), and an increased systolic (31±15 vs. 18±14 mmHg) and diastolic (45±11 vs. 33±16 mmHg) response in late phase II compared to controls. The early phase II diastolic response was inversely associated with baseline tcpO2. Conclusion The altered hemodynamic response to the Valsalva manoeuvre is suggestive of possible reduced arterial elasticity, higher vascular resistance, and splanchnic sympatho-vagal imbalance in T1D despite normal autonomic reflex ratios. The concomitant evidence of reduced tissue oxygenation and altered hemodynamics may represent early signs of dysautonomia but require longitudinal validation.
Jan 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2374-9431.jbd-23-4842
Wissam Younes SamerCorresponding author
Over the past 20 years, the number of persons with diabetes has more than doubled globally. The purpose of this review article is to investigate the connection between certain vitamins and diabetes. Diabetes patients have been found to have decreased amounts of certain antioxidant vitamins including A, C, and E, presumably as a result of the requirement to control oxidative stress brought on by problems with glucose metabolism. Retinol-binding protein has regulatory and adipocytokine function. Thiamine, pyridoxine, and biotin levels are also decreased in diabetics. Studies have shown that it restricts the absorption of several nutrients, such as vitamins B9 and B12, thus diabetics must frequently replenish these vitamins. Low vitamin D levels increase the risk of developing diabetes and associated complications, such as cardiovascular disease. Although some studies indicate that vitamin K supplementation can enhance glucose metabolism, it is not known if vitamin K supplementation can prevent or repair oxidative damage. Numerous studies have demonstrated the detrimental consequences of excessive vitamin supplementation. The association between a few nutrients—specifically, vitamins A, D, C, B3, B6, B9, Zn, B12, E, B1/K, and irons—and the already mentioned pathways implicated in diabetes—as well as their potential regulatory activity—will be analyzed in the review that follows.
Oct 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-23-4737
J. Johnson JeremyCorresponding author
Bitter melon is a popular fruit cultivated in Southeast Asia and other tropical climate regions. Bitter melon has been used in traditional medicine because of its numerous medicinal benefits, including having hypoglycemic effects. This has an indication for diabetic patients, and several clinical trials have provided evidence that orally administered bitter melon extract can reduce A1C and blood sugar levels in diabetes patients. In vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies suggest that bitter melon’s anti-diabetic actions work through intra- and extra-pancreatic mechanisms. Herein we summarize and highlight these mechanistic and clinical studies that have demonstrated the hypoglycemic effects of bitter melon in type 2 diabetes patients.
May 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-22-4170
Michael Chukwudike Anyakudo MagnusCorresponding author
Endometabolic and Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, P.M.B 536, Laje Road, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Garden egg nutritional values are numerous. However, few nutritional and epidemiological data exist on the impacts of garden egg consumption on diabetes control. In this experimentally-control designed nutritional study, the effects of scarlet garden egg species (Solanum aethiopicum L.) on lipoglycemic profile, weight control and, pancreas histoarchitecture in diabetic male Wistar rats were examined. Twenty-One adult male Wistar rats inducted with diabetes were randomly categorized into three groups (n = 7, each): Diabetic control (DC); Diabetic treated with aqueous extract of garden egg (DEE) and Diabetic fed with garden egg-supplemented diet (DSE). Animals were fed for six weeks according to the experimental design. Glycemic status and body weights were assessed twice weekly while lipid analysis was conducted at the entry and 6th week of the study. Oral glucose tolerance (OGT) test was conducted. Gross analysis and tissue histology of the pancreas were assessed by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining technique. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance, and the results were expressed as mean ± S.E.M. at P < 0.05. Garden egg reduced mean body weight gain (DSE: 14.53%; DEE: 10.58%; P value = 0.04) and decreased blood glucose concentrations (DEE: 37.33%; DSE: 18.68%; P = 0.03) with corresponding improved lipid profile, glycemic tolerance and control (DEE > DSE) and, preserved pancreas histoarchitecture in diabetic Wistar rats. Solanum aethiopicum (garden egg) consumption (as fresh fruit or supplemented diet) preserves pancreatic tissue histoarchitecture and improves lipoglycemic profile and weight control in diabetic Wistar rats.
Feb 2022
K Al Miraj ACorresponding author
Research Assistant, Department of Vascular Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU)Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Introduction Calcium (Ca2+) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic cell damage. Intracellular Ca2+ accumulation leads to neuronal damage by triggering the cycle of cytotoxic events, however the relationship of serum Ca levels and the pathways involved in ischemic injury is unclear. Aim of Study To investigate the relationship of serum Ca2+ levels with severity of acute ischaemic stroke, serum calcium (Ca2+) levels were measured within the first 48 hours and were compared with the clinical severity of acute ischaemic stroke. Material and Methods A hospital based cross sectional study was performed among 100 patients of acute ischaemic stroke who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The Study was done from July 2020 to August 2021 in SPRC & Neurology Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh And BSMMU Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh. After hospitalization presenting complaints, physical findings of the patients were recorded. Severity of stroke was measured by NIHSS scale. Serum calcium level of every patient was measured. Calcium level was divided into 3 groups by weighted average. Statistical analysis was carried out by a non-parametric Ruska Wallis test. Results Among the 100 patients 59% were male. Among all patients 57% of patients were found to be smokers (98% male, 2% female). Among all patients 63% patients were found hypertensive and 21% of all patients (24% male, 17% female) were diabetic. Mean cholesterol level was 257.98mg/dl with standard deviation 55.49 which is above the reference range suggesting hypercholesterolemia, Triglyceride was borderline and LDL cholesterol was slightly higher and HDL cholesterol was slightly lower. Calcium level was divided into 3 groups and NIHSS score was calculated for every patient in each group. The median NIHSS score for group1 (calcium level ≤8.8 mg/dl) was 9(2-20), for group 2 (calcium level 8.9-9.6 mg/dl) was 6 (1-17) and for group 3 (calcium level ≥9.7mg/dl) was 4 (1-16). Conclusion Commonest risk factor of ischaemic stroke is hypertension. Other risk factors are smoking, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, cardiac disease. Higher serum calcium level is associated with less severity of ischaemic stroke.
Mar 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2690-4721.ijcm-19-2616
Srinath Kamineni,Corresponding author
Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Elbow Shoulder Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
Introduction Ultrasound technology has previously been applied for cataract removal and tennis elbow treatment. Recent data supports the use of ultrasonic debridement in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. No data is available concerning the potential antibacterial properties of a clinical grade, lower energy ultrasound probe. We investigated the effect of a ultrasonic probe with respect to P gingivalis bacterial viability. Methods A Tenex Tx1 probe with standard settings for clinical use was used for this study. A Gram negative (Porphyromonasgingivalis) bacteria, known for its pathological activity, was investigated. The bacteria was cultured in an anaerobic broth, re-suspended to achieve a consistent bacterial count, and 5ml of this re-suspension was placed in a test tube for testing. Each tube was sonicated with the Tx1 probe for varying lengths of time (10, 30, 60, 120 seconds). The sonicated was diluted and plated on blood-agar plates, followed by incubation for 48 hours at 37°C in an anaerobic growth chamber. The number of colony forming units were counted, on each plate and the anti-bacterial effect was calculated. A one way analysis of variance was performed for statistical analysis. Results A significant time-dependent antibacterial effect was demonstrated with sonication. When comparing the kill rate between the control and 120 seconds of sonication P Gingivalis had a 64% kill rate. This was the only statistically significant time comparison achieved, although the trend for all the time intervals was a reduction in the colony forming unit counts. Conclusion This study demonstrates that a clinically available ultrasonic probe (Tenex Tx1) has an antibacterial effect against the gram negative anaerobic bacterial species P gingivalis. Complete deactivation was not achieved, and there was a variation in effect dependent on the time of active sonication, with greater sonication times leading to greater kill rates. This data may partially help to explain the ability for ultrasonic debridement to result in the healing of long standing diabetic ulcers, that have been recalcitrant to other forms of treatment.
Nov 2018
Shiau Ming-YuhCorresponding author
Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Pre-adipocytes are the precursors with the potential to make new fat cells during adipose tissue expansion. Nevertheless, the pre-adipocytes behaviors, and their possible roles in energy homeostasis have long been overlooked. Our previous study implicates that interleukin-4 (IL-4) plays a positive metabolic role by promoting insulin sensitivity and inhibiting lipid accumulation. Besides, abundant evidence shows the involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in the process of adipose tissue expansion. The present study aimed at examining the cross talk among glucose, insulin and IL-4 on regulating MMP-2 expression and activity in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Effects of insulin and/or IL-4 on MMP-2 expression and activity were examined in pre-adipocytes under euglycemic or hyperglycemic environment by RT-PCR and gelatin zymography, respectively. Our results revealed that glucose level is a pre-requisite for pre-adipocytes responding to insulin and/or IL-4 treatment. In high glucose-containing environment, short-term acute insulin treatment (AI) and long-term chronic insulin exposure (CI) showed opposite regulation to MMP-2 expression and activity. Interestingly, the dominant MMPs regulatory role of CI under euglycemic condition was attenuated in cells exposed to high glucose concentration. Our results suggest pre-adipocytes may participate in the process of increasing adiposity, diabetic onset and diabetic complications through ECM alterations resulted from the insulin- and/or glucose- mediated changes of MMP-2 activity. The present study uncovers novel observations regarding pre-adipocytes behaviors.
Apr 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2326-0793.jpgr-18-2004
Anwar PervezCorresponding author
Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology, University of Gujrat Sialkot subcampus, Pakistan
Human proteome project was revolutionized about 40 years ago with purpose of summarizing whole proteomic data at one place. It was launched after human genome project to map and observe all proteins. The goal related proteomic study is to draft the entire human proteome in disease diagnosis by using bioinformatics tools. Pillars of human proteome project provide different databases related to proteins at transcriptional and translational level. Human proteome organization(HUPO) published biology disease HUPO whose aim is to measure protein and proteome by life and processes related to human diseases. Different human organ like plasma, liver, brain and diabetic base project are used to characterize human disease and health. Major data resources accumulated in databases like peptides Atlas, GPMDB and neXtProt for proteins. Matrices of human proteome project identify and characterize the protein products as Post translational modification (PTM), splice various isoforms from 20,300 proteins. Matrices related to different years make proteomes counterpart by magnify the research biomedical community with high output of instruments and specimen pre-analytical protocols. CALIPHO multidisciplinary group provides information about protein complexities, interactions, function and structure complexities after Uniport and Swissprot. Different bioinformatics tools are used for structural and functional annotations of protein, disease diagnosis and mutations due to protein. Extensive study of human proteome project has been proved helpful in disease treatment at translational and post- translational levels. In future, human proteome project along with bioinformatics will include protein profiling, biomarkers, Mass spectrophotometer technique and cross analysis of different proteome projects.
Feb 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.3070-2313.jeh-17-1756
Tamer GoncaCorresponding author
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medeniyet University, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul.
Objective We aimed to evaluate β-cell function of type 1 diabetic patients (T1DP)s based on fasting and stimulated C-peptide levels. Material and methods Study included 135 T1DPs and 31 healthy subjects. Fasting C-peptide levels were measured in healthy subjects and T1DPs. The Mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) was performed in T1DPs. Fasting and stimulated (90 minute post MMTT) C-peptide levels were measured via electrochemiluminescence assay. Two categorizations were made according to fasting (the first categorization ) and at 90th minute MMTT (the second categorization) C-peptide levels. For the first categorization; the groups were classified as follows: patients with undetectable ≤0.1ng/mL(group1); minimal 0.1-0.8ng/mL(group2); and sustained ≥0.8ng/mL (group3) C-peptide levels. For the second categorization, groups were as follows: patients with undetectable ≤0.1 ng/mL(group1); minimal 0.1-0.8 ng/ml (group2); and sustained ≥0.8ng/mL (group3) in which C peptide levels were increased to ≥150% of fasting C-peptide levels at the 90th minute after MMTT. Results For the first category; 41.5%, 40% and 18.5% of T1DPs were in group1, group2 and group3, respectively. For the second category; 34.8%, 20.7% and 44.4% were in group1, group2 and group3, respectively. In first categorization 58.5% and in second categorization 65.1% of T1DPs had detectable C-peptide levels. 44,4%of the T1DPs had a response to MMTT with C-peptide levels ≥0.8 ng/mL which increased to ≥150% of fasting C-peptide level at the 90th minute after MMTT as it is seen in non-diabetics. Conclusion The present study suggests the presence of functioning β-cells in T1DPs and 44.4 % of T1DPs have a response to MMTT as seen in non-diabetics. (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02199470.)
Feb 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-5518.jcci-17-1880
A D Mettias BassemCorresponding author
ENT Department, Fayoum University, Egypt.
Objective: Presentation of rare case report of primary non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of temporal bone secondary to immunodeficiency after prolonged steroid administration in a diabetic patient. Then review the literature of similar case reports. Method: 49 years old female presented with hearing loss, facial paralysis and otalgia. Biopsy revealed high grade non Hodgkin’s B-lymphoma. She underwent chemotherapy and had remarkable response. Result: Rapidly progressive deafness, facial paralysis and otalgia are common presentations of external canal Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The disease is common in middle age, females and has a fair response to chemotherapy, good to radiotherapy. Surgery is an alternative method in isolated lesions or recurrent cases. Conclusion: High dose steroid and type II diabetes are potential risks for acquired immunodeficiency. External Auditory canal lymphoma is uncommon sequel. Chemotherapy is very effective in treatment of isolated cases without B symptoms
Jul 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-17-1579
Pellegrino MCorresponding author
Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Division of Endocrinology, Cuneo, Italy
Objectives: Vitamin D (25(OH)D) status has been extensively evaluated in different populations and care settings. A negative relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum 25(OH)D levels in outpatients with diabetes has been reported, while data about 25(OH)D status in inpatients with diabetes are inconsistent. The aim of the study was to evaluate 25(OH)D levels in a large series of inpatients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and in an age-, sex-, serum creatinine-, and HbA1c-matched group of outpatients with diabetes. Design: After the preliminary exclusion of patients with confounding factors, 540 subjects with diabetes were retrospectively evaluated in a 1:1 matched case-control study between inpatients and outpatients. Results: 25(OH)D levels resulted significantly lower in inpatients versus outpatients with diabetes (37.9 nmol/L, median, 25.3 interquartile range, vs 44.9, 31.8 nmol/L, respectively), regardless of season. 25(OH)D levels were inversely correlated with HbA1c levels and BMI in outpatients, and with fibrinogen and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in inpatients. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is common in diabetic inpatients and more frequent than in diabetic outpatients. 25(OH)D status in diabetic inpatients is not related to glycemic control but is likely influenced by acute inflammatory condition.
May 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2374-9431.jbd-17-1465
Bazzazian SaeidehCorresponding author
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Abhar Branch, IslamicAzad University, Abhar, Iran
Objectives: The present study investigated biopsychosocial predictors (HbA1c, self-efficacy, and social support) of self-management and health-related quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: 160 adults referred to the Iranian Diabetes Society participated in this study. Participants completed General Self-Efficacy Scale, Perceived Social Support, Diabetic Self-care Behaviors scale, and D-39 (diabetics’ quality of life). Results: Data were analyzed with SPSS-19 and Lisrel 8.8, utilizing statistical path analysis. Results revealed significant positive correlations between self-efficacy and social support subscales, self-care and health-related quality of life. Also, HbA1c had not correlation with HRQOL. The final path model fitted well and showed that direct self-care paths with (β = 0.24) and indirect social support with (β = 0.32) had the most effects on health-related quality of life. Conclusions: The results confirmed the theoretical model and scientific evidence for providing psychological solution to promote quality of life in patients with type 2 Diabetes.
Apr 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-17-1449
L. James WesleyCorresponding author
University of Memphis
Using proprietary data of patient records from four medical clinics in the Mississippi Delta, this research utilizes a natural experiment design to explore if the patient centered medical home (PCMH) has a positive effect on chronic disease maintenance for low SES, majority African-American patients in a rural and medically underserved region. The patients are divided into two cohorts, those attending PCMH clinics (level 2) and those attending non-PCMH clinics. Each cohort is comprised of similar demographic, socioeconomic, and health (large proportion of diabetics) characteristics. HbA1c scores of the cohorts are compared at two time periods, baseline and six-month follow-up. PCMH patients report more uncontrolled diabetes at baseline but the trend reverses at follow-up, providing evidence that the PCMH model of primary care produces positive health outcomes for patients with diabetes in the sample area.
Dec 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-16-1281
H. Alghamdi AhmedCorresponding author
Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Objectives This study describes and compares the epidemiological criteria of children with diabetes from 2007 to 2014. Methods A prospective study conducted with 372 children with diabetes mellitus. An access program was used for data collection, and SPSS 17 was used to analyses the results. Results A total of 372 cases with diabetes were studied and were divided into three groups according age. The first age group was between one day and six years and comprised 128 (34.4%) patients. The second group aged 7- 12 years of age comprised 174 (46.7%) patients. The third group aged 13-18 years of age comprised 58 (15.59%) patients. The average age was 8.32 years. Females constituted 52 % (194 cases) of all cases. T1DM constituted 95.4%, equal to 355 patients, T2DM constituted 1.88%, equal to seven cases. Monogenic diabetes affected three patients or 0.79%, with one case of monogenic neonatal diabetes confirmed by genetic study, and two other cases suspected to be MODY. The highest incidence was observed in the autumn months, with 105 children affected, constituting 27.8 % cases. The year 2012 had the highest incidence rate, with 59 children and adolescents affected at an incidence rate of 25.48 / 100000.Al-Baha region had the highest number of cases constituting 37.7 % of cases. Diabetic ketoacidosis was the first presentation and constituted 44.2% of cases. Conclusion. Diabetes in children is increasing significantly in recent years, requiring more detailed analysis of its epidemiological factors to find out any significant correlations which may help in its prevention.
May 2015 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-0436.jos-14-527
Sanjay SrinivasanCorresponding author
Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
A 66 year old Chinese male with a medical history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hepatitis B carrier was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma in 2009. He underwent treatment with selective internal radiation spheres and sorafenib, and multiple cycles of chemotherapeutic agents such as bevacizumab, erlotinib, OXAFI ( intravenous oxaliplatin and doxorubicin given on days 1, 8 and 15 in a 28-day cycle, a daily continuous infusion of fluorouracil and subcutaneous interferon alfa-2b 5 million units administered thrice weekly), thalidomide, capecitabine, and rapamycin over the course of four years. Along the course of treatment, he developed pulmonary embolism and was initially started on anti-coagulation. Two months later, he developed hemoptysis and the anti-coagulants were stopped. During his routine ophthalmology visit for diabetic eye evaluation, he complained of blurring of vision of his left eye for the past four to five weeks. He was found to have central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) of the left eye, associated with macular edema. Visual acuity was 6/15 for the right eye and 6/60 for the left eye. Eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, pupils, lens and ocular motility were normal. Humphrey visual field testing showed a superior arcuate and basal defect. This is the first reported case of CRVO in hepatocellular carcinoma. The etiology of CRVO is multifactorial, withhepatic malignancy, previous major surgery, multiple cycles of chemotherapy and cessation of anticoagulant therapyas possible aetiological factors. His background medical problems of diabetes and hypertension are further contributors.
Oct 2014 DOI 10.14302/issn.2374-9431.jbd-13-212
Ahmad Sliem HamdyCorresponding author
Biochemistry and internal Medicine*, Basic oral and medical sciences, College of dentistry, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a complex polygenic disorder. DMT2 is a result of insulin resistance and destruction of pancreatic β-cell or dysfunction. Therefore, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to nerve damage, blindness, organ failures and sometimes death. Recently, some recently discovered genes play a key role in regulating the sensitivity to insulin. Scientists have long known that the disease often runs in families, and other genetic links. Human genetic discoveries will keep improving our knowledge about diabetes for many years to come. Varieties of prospective diabetic researches were developed to diagnose and control DMT2. Researchers spent thousands of millions of dollars to address DMT2. Pioneers of advanced biotechnology developed bioinformatics tools that changed the course of research about the role of metabolomics in DMT2. It will facilitate the identification of possible causes of DMT2 in genome studies. The present article aimed at reviewing the research studies per training to metabolomics and bioinformatics in genome studies in relation to DMT2.
May 2014 DOI 10.14302/issn.2374-9431.jbd-13-283
Mei YongCorresponding author
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
Continuous-time glucose monitoring (CGM) effectively improves glucose control, as oppose to infrequent glucose measurements (i.e. using Lancet Meters), by providing frequent blood glucose concentration (BGC) to better associate this variation with changes in behavior. Currently, the most widely used CGM devices rely on a sensor that is inserted invasively under the skin. Because of the invasive nature and also the replacement cost of sensors, the primary users of current CGM devices are insulin dependent people (type 1 and some type 2 diabetics). Most non-insulin dependent diabetics use only lancet glucose measurements. The ultimate goal of this research is the development of CGM technology that overcomes these limitations (i.e. invasive sensors and their cost) in an effort to increase CGM applications among non-insulin dependent people. To meet this objective, this preliminary work has developed a methodology to mathematically infer BGC from measurements of non-invasive input variables which can be thought of as a “virtual” or “soft” sensor approach. In this work virtual sensors are developed and evaluated on 20 subjects using four BGC measurements per day and eight input variables representing meals, activity, stress, and clock time. Up to four weeks of data are collected for each subject. One evaluation consists of 3 days of training and up to 25 days of testing data. The second one consists of one week of training, one week of validation, and 2 weeks of testing data. The third one consists two weeks of training, one week of validation and one week of testing data. Model acceptability is determined on an individual basis based on the fitted correlation to CGM testing data. For 3 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks training studies, 35%, 55% and 65% of the subjects, respectively, met the Acceptability Criteria that we established based on the concept of usefulness.