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Feb 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-20-3185
Masoero GiorgioCorresponding author
Accademia di Agricoltura di Torino, Via A. Doria 10, 10123 Torino (Italy).
Four strains of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) biofertilizer fungi, combined with two potato cultivars, were in-field tested in a four-replicate arrangement in a factorial experiment. As far as general combinability is concerned, cv. Agria was more responsive to different inocula (yield +5.56%, P 0.02) and to two strains in particular (+8%). On the other hand, the results with Innovator, a cultivar that yields 33% less than Agria, showed a significant reduction in the number of tubers for three AM strains, thus proving a clear genetic Biofertilizer * Cultivar interaction. The study of hay litter-bags has shown a high NIR spectral fingerprint for the Cultivar factor (81%), while the Inoculation factor showed a higher spectral fingerprint in Agria (76%) than in Innovator (65%). The Substrate Induced Respiration predicted from the NIR-SCiO spectra of the litter-bags was significantly increased after inoculation (+6.3%, P 0.04), but appeared lower for Agria (-5.4%) vs. Innovator (P 0.05), with a non-significant interaction. The obtained results show that the adaptation of the AM strains to the genetics of potato cultivars is a first step toward reducing chemical inputs, with consequent benefits for the environment, but without an excessive reduction in yield. The litter-bag technique can therefore be recommended for a simplified monitoring of the complicated plant-mycorrhizosphere relationship.
Mar 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2766-869X.jfd-20-3193
Patel PritteshCorresponding author
C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Gujarat, India
Fusarium solani NVS671 identified from infected sugarcane stem of Co 671 as a new pathogen was subjected to various cultural conditions to understand its physiological profile. In continuation with our previous work, cultural analysis was carried out under in vitro condition by supplementing various carbon and nitrogen sources in Czapek-Dox agar (CDA). Under different hydrogen ion concentrations, it was found that the growth of Fusarium solaniNVS671 was less at pH 4 and pH 10 and could reach up to 5 cm after 7 days of incubation on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). It is observed that the pH around 7 to 8 was optimum for the growth of F. solani. Ten different nitrogenous (N) sources and nine different carbon sources were tested on CDA medium to know their effect on the mycelial growth rate and characteristics of the fungus. Among the N sources evaluated, ammonium chloride (7.96±0.11 cm) was found to be most efficient for mycelial growth promotion followed by ammonium nitrate (7.7±0.1 cm) and ammonium sulphate (7.3±0.1 cm). The most preferred carbon source recorded to promote best radial mycelial growth was starch (7.96±0.05 cm) and sucrose (7.93±0.05 cm). Capabilities of using different carbon and nitrogen sources and ability to grow at different pH levels may allow species to adapt to specific soil conditions.This study is important to understand the physiology and metabolite preference of F. solani.
Feb 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-9467.jgrc-19-2619
Sørensen MartenCorresponding author
Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 3., 1870 Frederiksberg C.
The Andean region is the centre of origin and domestication of at least 9 species of native root and tuber crops in addition to several species of native potatoes. Within this group, Mauka – also known as Miso or Taso ‒ (Mirabilis expansa Ruíz & Pav.) Standl. ‒ Nyctaginaceae) is one of the least well known, despite having much potential. It is cultivated at high altitudes (2300 to 3500 m a.s.l.) in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia and is thought to be of pre-Inca origin. Mauka is characterized by its high nutritional value due to substantial levels of protein, calcium and phosphorus, as well as secondary metabolites with nutraceutical properties of varied application. It also has good potential as a forage plant. Based on ethnobotanical knowledge and scientific investigations, this review presents advances in the agronomic understanding of Mauka since its discovery five decades ago in several isolated rural Bolivian communities. The information presented covers both Andean and non-Andean countries. It includes results from journals on natural resources, botany, agronomy, and the congress minutes from botanical, agronomic and phytogenetic resources conferences. Theses on Mauka specifically and on phytogenetic resources in general were also reviewed. Books and manuals were reviewed in the libraries of the International Potato Center, INIAP-Ecuador, INIA-Peru and universities. The plant is described with emphasis on its agronomic traits and according to its propagation forms (seed or vegetative); in terms of its agroecology, phenology, growth dynamics and their indices, crop management, harvest and post-harvest processes. It is concluded that important advances in the understanding of the agronomy of Mauka have been accomplished. Furthermore, the review highlights aspects requiring further research, in order to develop improved production technologies to ensure its future use and conservation.
Jan 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-18-2502
Campbell MichaelCorresponding author
Lake Erie Regional Grape Research and extension Center, 662 North Cemetery Road, North East, PA 16428
The compound 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene, originally isolated from dormant potatoes, is currently in use as a commercial sprout inhibitor. Growers and processors report a reduction in fungal infections in potatoes treated with DMN resulting in increased yields. To assess the effects of DMN on fungal growth a culture of Fusarium oxysporum was isolated from potato tubers and identified via DNA fingerprinting using the 18ITS ribosomal region. Growth of F. oxysporum was inhibited by 31% after four days of exposure to DMN but overall rate of spore germination was not affected by DMN treatment. The growth of additional fungi, including Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Epicoccum nigrum, Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, Phoma medicaginis, and Pythium ultimum was inhibited by DMN as was suppression of sporulation in A. niger. These results suggest that DMN is fungistatic at the application levels examined.