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Jul 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2575-1212.jvhc-23-4510
Youssef SohirCorresponding author
Dermatophytosis affect companion animal’s skin and keratin appendages as cats and dogs, resulting in red, scaly, itchy, bald, and raised patches like ring. The three main groups are Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. This study collected samples of skin scrapping and hairs from 130 cats and 70 dogs, using common mycological approach samples were examined. Antifungal agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution assays were utilized on some of the isolates. Three groups of Guinea pigs (6 in each) were then infected with one isolate of M. canis or T. mentagrophytes fungi, another skin scrapping samples of virulent fungi was isolated on the 7th and 14th days, blood samples were collected at 14th day. Reverse transcription-PCR to detect 98 bp protease gene. Resulting in 45% of cats and dogs tested positive for Microsporum and Trichophyton species. Agar disc diffusion revealed that the antifungal medication griseofulvin was the most effective against tested isolates. The best results for MIC test were griseofulvin (0.98 µg/ml) followed by acetic acid (0.28 µg/ml). Differential leukocytic count of Guinea pigs showed that monocyte levels remained unchanged, while neutrophil and lymphocyte levels had increased. The active (isolates from Guinea pigs skin scrapping) and dormant cells (isolates from keratin free media) were distinguished by Reverse Transcriptase-PCR. Collectively, qPCR is a successive and feasible method for the diagnosis for Microsporum and Trichophyton species.
Apr 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2694-2275.jzr-19-2695
Miégoué EmileCorresponding author
University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Production Animal Nutrition and production Research Unit B.P. 188 Dschang, Cameroun.
The intake and in vivo digestibility of Trypsacumlaxum in guinea pigs according to the graded level of spirulina was evaluated in Cameroon. 20 animals aged of 6 months with an average weight of 450 ± 50 g were randomly divided into 4 equivalent groups. Each group received T. laxum and 40g of compound feed containing 0% (TS0), 2% (TS2), 4% (TS4), and 6% (TS6) of spirulina. Feed intake was the different between the left over and the quantity served. The sample of T. laxum and those of each diet as well as feces were collected and analyzed for the apparent digestibility of each nutrient. Animals were weighed at the beginning and at the end of each period of the test to determine the body weight gain. This study showed that the average daily intake of dry matter (DM) for TS0, TS2, TS4 and TS6 was 74.39 ± 2.98, 78.66 ± 3.14, 83.89 ± 4.28 and 77.76 ± 4.40 g/head/day. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients of different nutrients were obtained with animals fed TS6 group while the lowest were observed in TS0.The apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) of the supplemented group were statistically higher than those of the control diet. Animals’ weight performances were statistically comparable between treatments. Thus, the combination of T. laxum with concentrated feed containing spirulina can be recommended for guinea-pigs, but the level of incorporation may not exceed 4% of its daily ration.
Dec 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2694-2275.jzr-18-2474
Emile MiégouéCorresponding author
Guinea pig diet is essentially based on the use of grasses associated with protein sources. Then, in to improve the herbivores nutrition, the evaluation of intake and In vivo digestibility of Pennisetum purpureum or Panicum maximum in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) was carried out in January 2017 at the University of Dschang research and experimental farm and animal production and nutrition laboratory. 20 adult animals of local breed on average weight 450 ± 50g and aged about 5 months were used. They were organized into two batches of 10 animals each (5 males and 5 females). The first batch received 250g of fresh matter of Pennisetum purpureum + 60g concentrate/animal/day, while the second received the same treatment with Panicum maximum as grasses. Leftover and animals were weighed every morning before food distributions, and drinking water containing vitamin C was served ad libitum. According to the results, the highest ingestion was obtained with Panicum maximum. However, the digestibility different nutrients was comparable between treatments; nevertheless, males fed on P. maximum digested crude cellulose (63.78%) better than males fed on P. purpureum (51.17%). With regard to the variation of the bacterial rate of the caecal flora, enterobacteria of animals fed P. maximum was high (11.20 CFU/ml) compared to those of the animals receiving P. purpureum (7.27 CFU/ml), although regardless of the treatment, the level of lactobacilli was higher than that of enterobacteria. In view of the results obtained, these grasses can be alternatively used in feeding guinea pigs.
Sep 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-8572.joa-25-5687
A Shaw NigelCorresponding author
Depending upon the species, the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) consists of four or five major high frequency components. According to longstanding doctrine, each wave represents the sequential activation of successively higher nuclei and tracts from the 8th (auditory) nerve to the midbrain (inferior colliculus). Although this conceptual framework has acquired the status of near dogma, surprisingly little evidence exists in support. In the present analysis, a new interpretation of the electrogenesis of the BAEP is proposed which is simpler although it retains skeletal elements of the older explanation. The revised model is mostly derived from two distinct sources. In the first, the timing of the BAEP waves is compared with that of cortical activity for a range of mammals including humans, monkeys, cats, rats and guinea pigs. It is demonstrated that for each of these, the conduction time of the acoustic signal to the cortex from the putative midbrain component (wave IV or V) is so unrealistically long that it implies that the entire waveform must arise in the peripheral pathways of the auditory system. In the second, a retrospective analysis is made of click repetition rates on the BAEP using extradural electrodes. It was shown that at high rates of stimulation (about 100/sec), the behavior of the waveform is almost totally at variance with the expectations of the conventional model. The essence of the revised conception is that all BAEP waves are just variations of the compound action potential of the 8th nerve, albeit generated or regenerated via separate routes and different methods. Such an explanation would thereby account for their near uniform sharp morphology as well as creating the impression of a composite neuronal response. More specifically, in the case of a four component BAEP, wave I is assumed to be generated by the normal air conduction route in an identical manner to the conventional explanation. In contrast, wave ll is assumed to be generated via bone conduction in the temporal skull thereby bypassing the transduction process in the middle ear. Wave lll is assumed to be generated by the first echo of the bone-conducted sound wave. Likewise, the second rebound within the temporal bone serves as the stimulation to evoke wave lV. As the energy of the auditory stimulus gradually dissipates, it may still continue to generate a train of lower amplitude potentials. It is concluded that the BAEP may contain little or no brainstem or midbrain activity and therefore the term BAEP may be a misnomer. A more appropriate epithet might therefore be the auditory nerve evoked potential or ANEP.
Jul 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2691-6622.ijar-19-2762
MIÉGOUÉ EmileCorresponding author
University of Dschang, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Production, Animal Nutrition and production Research Unit
This study was conducted within three months at the University of Dschang Research and Application Farm (5°44’-5°36’ et 5°44’-5°37’ LN ; 10°06’-9°94’ et 10°06’-9°85’ LE). The main objective was to evaluate the integration perspectives of caviaculture and fishery. Specifically, the study was aimed at evaluating the production of guinea pig dungs, its bromatological composition and appreciating the nitrogen/phosphorus ratio in other to determine the adequate quantities of manure for a proper fertilization of fish ponds. Hence, 96 guinea pigs weighing averagely 390 ± 110g each were randomly distributed into two comparable lots (floor covered with litter and floor without litter) and were subjected to 8 feeds (5 grasses and 3 legumes). Each lot had 6 repetitions of 8 individuals. The animals were fed three times daily within 30 days. The dungs of guinea pigs were collected after three days between 6 and 8am during the experimental period. They were then selected and weighed using and electric balance of 0.1g sensitivity. At the end of the study, the following results were obtained: a guinea pig of 390 ± 110 g in confinement produced between 51.7 ± 0.4 to 60.5 ± 0.7g (fresh weight) of dung per day. The bromatological analysis of these dungs showed that they are made of organic material (80.0%), dry matter (94.3%), crude protein (10.7%), ash (19.9%) and nitrogen (22.7%). These results attesting the richness of these dungs helped in estimating the quantities (103.4g to 206.8g) of dung/day/100m2 for the breeding of 2 to 4 guinea pigs per fish pond of 100 m2 for an integrated breeding (guinea pig-fish).
Jun 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4526.jddd-16-1101
A. M. Herbella FernandoCorresponding author
Department of Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Background/Aims: Esophageal motor abnormalities are frequently found in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The effect of bile in esophageal dysmotility is probably secondary to mucosal signaling to the muscular layer and not a transmural process. This study aims to identify the mucosa-muscular signaling path by receptors blockage in an experimental study. Methods: Fifteenguinea pig esophagi were isolated and ex-vivo esophageal contractility was assessed with force transducers. The esophagi were incubated in 100 µM ursodeoxycholic acid for 1 hour and 5 sequential contractions induced by 40 mM KCl spaced by 5 minutes were measured. After 30 minutes, esophagi specimens were incubated in 3 different smooth-muscle contraction antagonists: atropine (1µM) in 5, suramin (1µM) in 5 and genistein (1µM) in 5. The same protocol for contractions was repeated. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and encompass the mean of five stimuli. Experimental procedures were approved by the University Institutional Review Board. Results: Contraction amplitudes after bile incubation but before antagonist incubation were 1.6±0.6 g, 1.2±0.8 g, and 1.2±0.4 g for atropine, suramin and genistein, respectively. Mean contraction amplitudes after antagonists instillation were 1.2±0.6 g, 1.4±0.5 g, 0.9±0.2 g, respectively. There was no different in contraction amplitude before and after instillation of atropine (p=0.188), suramin (p=0.488) or genistein (p=0.079). Conclusion: Our results show that blockage of cholinergic (atropine), purinergic (suramin) or tyrosine kinase (genistein) paths do not change esophageal dysmotility induced by bile. Other molecular path may play the role in this scenario.